India Removes Domestic Airfare Caps From Monday, Giving Airlines Relief Amid Jet Fuel Cost Surge

India Lifts Domestic Airfare Caps, Providing Relief to Airlines Battling Higher Jet Fuel Costs from Iran War

India has decided to revoke the temporary fare caps it had placed on domestic air tickets since December 2025, according to a government order reviewed by Reuters. The caps will be lifted from Monday, providing much-needed financial relief to Indian airlines that have been grappling with significantly higher operational costs — particularly fuel expenses — in the wake of the Iran war's disruption to global energy markets.

Why the Caps Were Introduced in the First Place

The fare ceiling was originally imposed in December 2025 following mass flight cancellations by IndiGo, India's dominant carrier, which triggered a sharp spike in ticket prices across other airlines as passengers scrambled for alternatives. The caps were designed as a temporary consumer protection measure to prevent excessive fare inflation during the disruption period.

Under the now-expiring caps, a one-way fare for journeys up to 500 kilometres was capped at Rs 7,500 (approximately $80), while routes between 1,000 and 1,500 kilometres — such as the high-traffic New Delhi–Mumbai corridor — were subject to a ceiling of Rs 15,000 per ticket.

Why the Government Has Chosen to Remove the Caps Now

The Indian civil aviation ministry, in its order dated Friday, stated that the situation that necessitated the caps has since stabilised, with capacity restored and airline operations normalised across the sector. The ministry has, however, instructed airlines to ensure that fares remain "reasonable, transparent and commensurate with market conditions" and that passenger interests are not adversely affected following the removal of the ceiling.

Airlines Had Urgently Lobbied for Relief

Indian carriers had been pushing hard for the government to lift the price controls, arguing that the caps were causing "huge" revenue losses at a time when operational costs — especially jet fuel — had surged sharply due to the Iran war-driven spike in global crude oil prices. Airlines submitted that maintaining the caps under these conditions was financially unsustainable.

While airlines have not publicly disclosed the full quantum of losses incurred, analysts at HSBC have estimated that a $1 per barrel change in jet fuel prices impacts IndiGo's annual fuel bill by approximately Rs 3 billion — a figure that illustrates just how acutely the oil price shock has affected carrier economics at current crude levels.

What This Means for Airlines and Passengers

For airline stocks, particularly IndiGo, the removal of fare caps is a meaningful positive development. It restores pricing flexibility at a time when fuel costs remain elevated, improving the outlook for revenue recovery and margin stabilisation. Investors tracking the aviation sector will likely view this as a near-term earnings tailwind for listed carriers.

For passengers, however, the development is a double-edged sword. While the government has urged airlines to keep fares reasonable, the combination of elevated jet fuel costs and restored pricing autonomy could push domestic air ticket prices higher — particularly on busy routes like Delhi–Mumbai. Travellers planning domestic journeys in the coming weeks should be prepared for potential fare increases, especially during peak travel periods.

The move reflects the broader economic tension India is navigating — balancing consumer welfare against the financial viability of a strategically important sector that is absorbing the fallout of a global energy crisis not of its own making.

Disclaimer: The views and investment tips expressed in this article are for informational purposes only and do not represent financial advice. The views expressed are those of the sources cited and not necessarily those of this website or its management. Investing in equities or other financial instruments carries the risk of financial loss. Readers must exercise due caution and conduct their own research before making any investment decisions. We are not liable for any losses incurred as a result of decisions made based on this article. Please consult a qualified financial advisor before making any investment.

Read More

Rupee Crashes 108 Paise to Record Low of 93.71 — Worst Single-Day Fall in 4 Years Amid Iran War and Oil Surge

Rupee Crashes 108 Paise in a Single Session to Record Low of 93.71 — Worst Single-Day Fall in Four Years

The Indian rupee suffered its sharpest single-day decline in four years on Friday, plunging 108 paise to a record low of 93.71 against the US dollar from its previous close of 92.63. The freefall was driven by intensifying fears over the Iran war's impact on global oil supplies, relentless foreign institutional investor (FII) selling in Indian equities, and surging year-end dollar demand — a toxic combination that has left the currency in its worst financial year in a decade.

What Triggered Friday's Historic Crash

Several powerful forces converged to deliver the brutal single-session move:

• Surging crude oil prices: Brent crude touched $116 per barrel on Thursday before pulling back to around $106 on Friday. With no signs of Middle East de-escalation, oil prices remain well above $100, piling enormous pressure on India as a major crude importer.
• Relentless FII selling: Foreign institutional investors have been on an extraordinary selling spree, offloading a net of approximately Rs 80,000 crore (over $8.5 billion) from Indian equities between March 1 and Friday alone.
• Year-end dollar demand: Significant demand for US dollars from corporates and institutions at financial year-end further tightened dollar supply in domestic markets.
• Limited RBI intervention impact: While the Reserve Bank of India has been actively intervening in currency markets to arrest the slide, market participants say the intervention has had only a limited dampening effect given the scale of external pressures.

The Rupee's Alarming Trajectory

The scale of the rupee's depreciation across multiple time frames tells a stark story:

• Since March 1, 2026: The rupee has weakened by 266 paise, falling from Rs 91.05 to Rs 93.71.
• Since start of 2026: Down 386 paise from Rs 89.85 at the end of December 2025.
• Year-on-year (since April 1, 2025): The rupee has depreciated by a massive 826 paise from Rs 85.45.

FY2025–26 is now the worst financial year for the rupee in the last decade. The only year in history when the rupee depreciated more in absolute terms was 2008–09, when it weakened by 1,058 paise — a year marked by the global financial crisis.

Forecasters Eye Rupee at 95 Levels

Analysts and forex experts are increasingly pessimistic about near-term currency prospects. Goldman Sachs Chief India Economist Santanu Sengupta flagged that the rupee is likely to remain under sustained pressure, citing an expected balance of payments deficit and a large net short forward book — estimated to have exceeded $62 billion as of December 2025. Market forecasters are now openly discussing the possibility of the rupee breaching the 95 level within the next six months if geopolitical tensions persist.

Inflation and Macro Risks Are Building

A weaker rupee compounds the inflationary risks already emanating from elevated crude oil prices. While India's CPI inflation stands at 3.2% as of February — still within the RBI's tolerance band — economists warn that a prolonged conflict will push up prices across a broad range of commodities, with the depreciating currency acting as an additional accelerant.

The numbers underscore the severity of the risk. RBI analysis indicates that a $10 per barrel increase in crude oil slows GDP growth by 15 basis points and raises inflation by 20 basis points. According to ICRA, the same $10 increase could raise India's oil import bill by $13–14 billion and widen the current account deficit (CAD) by 0.3% of GDP — a meaningful fiscal and macro headwind at a time when crude is trading well above pre-war levels.

Wider Economic Fallout

Beyond the direct financial impact, the rupee's slide is beginning to affect everyday economic behaviour. Spending by Indians on overseas education and international travel is already declining due to visa restrictions and geopolitical uncertainty. The increasingly unfavourable exchange rate is expected to be an additional deterrent, further dampening outbound economic activity.

For investors tracking Indian equities and fixed income, the combination of a weakening rupee, elevated crude oil, sustained FII outflows, and rising inflation risks paints a challenging near-term macro backdrop. Until a credible de-escalation in the Middle East emerges, currency and market volatility are likely to remain elevated.

Disclaimer: The views and investment tips expressed in this article are for informational purposes only and do not represent financial advice. The views expressed are those of the sources cited and not necessarily those of this website or its management. Investing in equities or other financial instruments carries the risk of financial loss. Readers must exercise due caution and conduct their own research before making any investment decisions. We are not liable for any losses incurred as a result of decisions made based on this article. Please consult a qualified financial advisor before making any investment.

Read More

HDFC Bank Shares Fall 4.45% After Chairman Resigns Over Ethical Concerns

HDFC Bank Shares Drop Over 4% After Chairman Resigns on Ethical Concerns

Stock Falls Amid Leadership Uncertainty

HDFC Bank witnessed a sharp decline in its share price, falling over 4.45% on March 19, 2026, following the sudden resignation of its part-time Chairman, Atanu Chakraborty. The decline came despite broader market movements, where benchmark indices were already under pressure due to global geopolitical developments.

The unexpected leadership change has triggered investor concerns, leading to a negative sentiment around one of India’s largest private sector banks.

Timeline of Events Raises Market Speculation

The sequence of events surrounding the resignation has drawn attention from market participants. Notably:

• The chairman’s resignation letter was dated March 17, 2026.
• HDFC Bank clarified that it received the letter on March 18 after market hours.
• Interestingly, the stock had already closed lower on March 18, even when markets were otherwise positive.

This unusual price movement prior to the public announcement sparked speculation about possible insider activity, although no official confirmation or evidence has been presented.

Reason Behind the Resignation

In his resignation letter, Atanu Chakraborty cited concerns related to ethical alignment. He stated that certain developments and internal practices observed over the past two years were not aligned with his personal values and ethical standards.

While the letter does not mention any specific misconduct, the lack of clarity has intensified investor anxiety and raised questions about internal governance.

Interim Leadership Appointed

Following the resignation, HDFC Bank appointed veteran banker Keki Mistry as the interim chairman for a period of three months. This temporary arrangement is expected to provide stability while the bank evaluates its long-term leadership structure.

Brokerages Turn Cautious on Stock Outlook

JP Morgan’s View

JP Morgan highlighted that the resignation adds to existing macroeconomic challenges. The brokerage pointed out two key concerns:

• Ethical differences cited by the outgoing chairman
• Delayed realization of benefits from the HDFC Bank–HDFC Ltd merger

It also warned that perceived disagreements between the board and management could impact decision-making efficiency and execution. The firm expects the stock to remain under pressure in the near term.

Kotak Institutional Equities

Kotak noted that HDFC Bank’s valuation multiples have already seen a significant correction. According to the brokerage:

• Recovery in valuation may take longer than expected
• Re-rating of the stock is unlikely until uncertainties are resolved

The firm remains cautious, indicating that investors may not see immediate upside unless governance concerns are addressed convincingly.

UBS Perspective

UBS echoed similar concerns, stating that the lack of detailed information regarding the resignation could continue to weigh on investor sentiment. The brokerage expects short-term pressure on stock performance until clarity emerges.

Market Sentiment and Outlook

The resignation has introduced an element of uncertainty around HDFC Bank’s governance and strategic direction. Even without specific allegations, perception plays a critical role in financial markets, and investor confidence may remain fragile in the near term.

Additionally, broader macroeconomic challenges and global uncertainties are likely to amplify the impact of this development on the stock.

Going forward, market participants will closely monitor:

• Further disclosures or clarifications from the bank
• Steps taken to strengthen governance and transparency
• Progress on merger synergies and financial performance

Until these factors stabilize, HDFC Bank shares may continue to experience volatility.

Disclaimer: The views and investment tips expressed in this article are for informational purposes only and do not represent financial advice. The views expressed are those of the sources cited and not necessarily those of this website or its management. Investing in equities or other financial instruments carries the risk of financial loss. Readers must exercise due caution and conduct their own research before making any investment decisions. We are not liable for any losses incurred as a result of decisions made based on this article. Please consult a qualified financial advisor before making any investment.

Read More

Jio IPO DRHP Filing in 2–3 Weeks: Reliance Eyes $100–120 Billion Valuation in India's Largest-Ever Listing

Reliance Accelerates Jio IPO Plans; DRHP Filing Expected Within 2–3 Weeks at $100–120 Billion Valuation

Reliance Industries Ltd is moving rapidly to list its prized telecom and technology subsidiary Jio Platforms Ltd, in what is expected to be India's largest-ever initial public offering. The company is in the final stages of preparing its Draft Red Herring Prospectus (DRHP), with a filing to the Securities and Exchange Board of India targeted within the next two to three weeks, according to people familiar with the matter.

Jio IPO: Key Details at a Glance

• Target valuation: $100 billion to $120 billion (with Morgan Stanley and Citi Research analysts pegging it even higher at approximately $133 billion, implying a multiple of 13x estimated FY27 EV/EBITDA).
• Stake dilution: Jio plans to dilute just 2.5% equity to meet listing requirements.
• Structure: Largely a large offer-for-sale (OFS) by existing investors.
• Financials: The DRHP will incorporate December-end financial results.
• Lead bankers: Kotak Mahindra Capital and Morgan Stanley India are reportedly in pole position to lead the transaction.

If the listing proceeds as planned later this year, it would mark the first public offering from the Reliance Industries stable in nearly two decades — a milestone moment for India's capital markets.

A Regulatory Tailwind That Changed the Game

Jio's IPO push gained decisive momentum last week after the Union Ministry of Finance eased public shareholding norms for large-cap companies. Under the revised rules, companies with a post-issue valuation exceeding Rs 5 trillion (approximately $54 billion) are now permitted to list by diluting a minimum of just 2.5% equity — a sharp reduction from the previous 5% requirement for mega-cap companies, and far below the standard 25% free-float rule applicable to most companies.

Reliance had been specifically awaiting this regulatory change before committing to the listing process, allowing the conglomerate to maximise capital retention while satisfying SEBI's listing requirements.

17 Banks Appointed to Manage the Deal

To manage a transaction of this extraordinary scale, Jio formally kicked off preparations by appointing a syndicate of 17 banks. The global roster includes heavyweights such as Morgan Stanley, JPMorgan Chase, Goldman Sachs, Citigroup, and HSBC. On the domestic side, Kotak Mahindra Capital, Axis Capital, JM Financial, and SBI Capital Markets have been engaged in advisory roles.

Who Are the Existing Investors Looking for an Exit?

Between 2020 and 2021, Jio Platforms raised more than Rs 1.5 trillion by selling a combined 32.96% stake to a high-profile roster of global investors. The upcoming IPO will offer these marquee backers their first opportunity at liquidity. The cap table includes:

• Technology giants: Meta Platforms and Alphabet (Google's parent company).
• Private equity firms: Silver Lake, KKR, and General Atlantic.
• Sovereign wealth funds: Mubadala and the Public Investment Fund (PIF) of Saudi Arabia.

Market Backdrop: A Challenging Environment

While Jio brings unmatched scale and a dominant domestic position in wireless, entertainment, and cloud services, it will be navigating a significantly more challenging market environment than India enjoyed in 2024 and 2025.

India raised approximately Rs 1.6 lakh crore via IPOs in 2024 and Rs 1.95 lakh crore in 2025, establishing itself as the world's second-largest IPO market by proceeds. However, 2026 has painted a starkly different picture. Amid the Iran war-driven geopolitical uncertainty and broader market stress, the average listing premium across 45 IPOs as of March 12 stands at a meagre 0.3% — the weakest aggregate listing performance since at least 2019, according to Prime Database.

The Jio IPO will therefore serve as a critical litmus test for institutional appetite and India's capacity to absorb a mega-cap offering in a volatile macro environment. With competitors Bharti Airtel and Vodafone Idea already listed, Jio's debut will draw intense valuation comparisons and investor scrutiny.

For retail investors, the Jio IPO represents a rare opportunity to invest directly in India's largest telecom and digital services platform — one that already touches hundreds of millions of subscribers. However, given the current market climate and the modest 2.5% float, allocation and liquidity dynamics will be closely watched.

Disclaimer: The views and investment tips expressed in this article are for informational purposes only and do not represent financial advice. The views expressed are those of the sources cited and not necessarily those of this website or its management. Investing in equities or other financial instruments carries the risk of financial loss. Readers must exercise due caution and conduct their own research before making any investment decisions. We are not liable for any losses incurred as a result of decisions made based on this article. Please consult a qualified financial advisor before making any investment.

Read More

PhonePe Postpones IPO Amid Middle East War Volatility; Rupee at Record Low, FIIs Pull $5.5 Billion in March

PhonePe Pauses IPO Plans as Middle East Conflict Triggers Market Volatility and Rupee Hits Record Lows

Walmart-backed Indian fintech giant PhonePe has temporarily suspended its initial public offering plans, citing escalating geopolitical tensions and extreme volatility in global capital markets. The company — which operates India's most widely used digital payments platform — said it will resume its listing process once market conditions stabilise.

IPO Details and Target Valuation

PhonePe had been aiming to list at a valuation of between $9 billion and $10.5 billion. The offering was structured entirely as an offer for sale (OFS), with the company not planning to issue any new shares. The three selling shareholders — Walmart, Tiger Global, and Microsoft — were set to collectively offload approximately 50.7 million shares in the IPO.

• Walmart planned to trim its stake by approximately 12% through the offering.
• Tiger Global and Microsoft both intended to fully exit their positions via the IPO.

Had it proceeded, PhonePe's listing would have been the second largest IPO in India's financial technology sector, surpassed only by Paytm's landmark listing at approximately $20 billion in 2021.

Why PhonePe Pressed Pause

The decision to defer reflects the sharp deterioration in Indian market conditions since the Iran war began. Key indicators of stress include:

• The rupee has fallen to record lows, significantly weakening investor sentiment toward Indian assets.
• India's benchmark equity index has declined 7% since the outbreak of the conflict, deepening its underperformance relative to broader emerging markets.
• Foreign investors have pulled out more than $7 billion in net terms from Indian stocks in 2026, with over $5.5 billion of those outflows occurring in March alone.
• Primary market conditions have been particularly challenging, with seven of the 11 IPOs launched this year listing below their issue price.

The broader global IPO market has also been hit hard, with listings from Hong Kong to London all feeling the weight of geopolitical uncertainty and risk-off sentiment.

PhonePe CEO Remains Committed to India Listing

PhonePe's Chief Executive Sameer Nigam expressed hope for a swift return to peace in the affected regions and reaffirmed the company's commitment to a public listing in India. The tone of the statement made clear that the pause is a tactical delay rather than a withdrawal from IPO plans altogether.

What This Means for India's IPO Market

PhonePe's deferral is a significant signal for India's primary markets. As one of the most eagerly anticipated listings of the year, its postponement underscores just how badly the current macro environment has damaged IPO sentiment. For investors and market watchers, the return of PhonePe to the listing queue will be seen as a key barometer of confidence in Indian capital markets — and will likely only happen once geopolitical risks recede and foreign capital flows begin to stabilise.

In the meantime, retail investors who were anticipating the PhonePe IPO will need to wait for more favourable conditions before getting the opportunity to participate in what remains one of India's most consequential fintech listings.

Disclaimer: The views and investment tips expressed in this article are for informational purposes only and do not represent financial advice. The views expressed are those of the sources cited and not necessarily those of this website or its management. Investing in equities or other financial instruments carries the risk of financial loss. Readers must exercise due caution and conduct their own research before making any investment decisions. We are not liable for any losses incurred as a result of decisions made based on this article. Please consult a qualified financial advisor before making any investment.

Read More

India Scraps IDBI Bank Majority Stake Sale as Bids Fall Below Reserve Price - Fresh Process Likely Later

India to Scrap IDBI Bank Stake Sale Bids as Offers Fall Below Reserve Price

India is set to shelve the existing bids received for a majority stake sale in IDBI Bank, after offers came in below the government's minimum price expectation, a government source told Reuters. The development marks a significant setback for one of India's most closely watched privatisation efforts, which had been in progress since 2022.

Why the Sale Process Is Being Scrapped

The Indian government and state-owned Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) had jointly initiated the process to divest a combined 60.7% stake in IDBI Bank back in 2022. However, the bids received failed to meet the reserve price — the minimum acceptable sale price set by the government — making it impossible to proceed with the current round of offers.

The government currently holds 45.48% of IDBI Bank, while LIC owns 49.24%, giving the two entities a dominant combined stake in the lender.

Who Had Bid for IDBI Bank

The sale process had attracted interest from two prominent international financial institutions — Fairfax Financial, the Canadian investment group, and Emirates NBD, the Dubai-based banking major. Despite both parties submitting bids, neither offer met the government's valuation threshold, leading to the decision to abandon the current process.

What Happens Next

According to the government source, the existing sale process will be formally scrapped. However, the government has not ruled out a future attempt. Officials indicated that a fresh divestment process may be initiated when market appetite improves and there is stronger buyer interest for the lender. No timeline for a renewed effort has been indicated.

A Contrast With Other Banking Sector Deals

The tepid response to the IDBI Bank stake sale stands in stark contrast to the robust foreign investor appetite seen elsewhere in India's banking sector in recent times. Notable recent transactions include:

• Emirates NBD's $3 billion acquisition of a 60% stake in RBL Bank — a significant show of confidence in India's private banking sector by the same Dubai-based lender that bid for IDBI Bank.
• Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corp's acquisition of a 24% stake in Yes Bank — another major foreign entry into Indian banking.

The contrast suggests that while foreign investors are willing to back India's private sector banks at the right price and structure, the IDBI Bank transaction — given its government and LIC ownership complexity — did not generate equivalent enthusiasm at the valuations the government sought.

Implications for Investors

For IDBI Bank shareholders, the scrapping of the sale process introduces near-term uncertainty around the bank's ownership trajectory and strategic direction. The absence of a new private promoter — at least for now — means the bank will continue operating under its current structure, with the government and LIC remaining dominant shareholders.

From a broader market perspective, the failed divestment highlights the ongoing challenges India faces in executing large-scale privatisation of state-linked financial institutions at valuations the government deems acceptable. Investors tracking India's divestment programme will be watching closely for any revised timelines or revised terms for a fresh IDBI Bank sale process.

Disclaimer: The views and investment tips expressed in this article are for informational purposes only and do not represent financial advice. The views expressed are those of the sources cited and not necessarily those of this website or its management. Investing in equities or other financial instruments carries the risk of financial loss. Readers must exercise due caution and conduct their own research before making any investment decisions. We are not liable for any losses incurred as a result of decisions made based on this article. Please consult a qualified financial advisor before making any investment.

Read More

India CPI Inflation Rises to 3.21% in February 2026 on Food Prices; Within RBI Target Band

India's Retail Inflation Rises to 3.21% in February 2026 as Food Prices Climb; Within RBI's Target Band

India's retail inflation edged higher in February 2026, driven primarily by rising food prices, according to data released by the National Statistics Office (NSO). The Consumer Price Index (CPI)-based inflation rose to 3.21% in February, up from 2.74% in January. Despite the uptick, the headline figure remained comfortably within the Reserve Bank of India's (RBI) target band of 2% to 6%, centred around a 4% mandate.

First Data Under New CPI Base Year

The February figures are also notable as the first inflation reading calculated using the revised CPI series with 2024 as the base year, which was introduced last month. The methodological update brings the inflation measurement framework in line with current consumption patterns across India.

Food Inflation Drives the Uptick

Food inflation rose sharply to 3.47% in February, up from 2.13% in January — and accounted for the bulk of the overall CPI increase. According to ICRA Chief Economist Aditi Nayar, the food and beverages segment contributed as much as 44 basis points of the total 47 basis point rise in headline inflation between the two months, making it almost entirely a food-driven phenomenon.

Commodities that saw notable price acceleration during February include:

• Precious items: Silver, gold, diamond, and platinum jewellery.
• Vegetables: Tomato and cauliflower.
• Other food items: Coconut-copra.

On the other hand, some food categories provided relief through disinflation, including garlic, onion, potato, arhar (pigeon pea), and litchi.

Core Inflation Remains Stable

Core inflation — which excludes food and beverages, electricity, gas, and other fuels — held steady at 3.4% in February, unchanged from January. This stability in core prices suggests that underlying demand-side price pressures remain moderate, even as food and energy costs fluctuate.

Rural vs Urban Inflation

Regional data showed a slight divergence between rural and urban price pressures. Rural inflation stood at 3.37%, marginally higher than urban inflation at 3.02%, reflecting the greater weight of food in rural consumption baskets.

Among states, Telangana recorded the highest inflation at 5.02%, while Mizoram reported the lowest at just 0.1%, highlighting significant regional variation in price dynamics across the country.

Oil Price Risk Looms Over Coming Months

While February's inflation print remains manageable, economists are flagging upside risks in the months ahead, particularly from the recent surge in global crude oil prices triggered by the Iran war. Sujan Hajra, Chief Economist at Anand Rathi Group, noted that while core inflation remains broadly stable, the spike in oil and gas prices introduces meaningful upside risks to the inflation outlook going forward.

However, Hajra added that these pressures are likely to be transitory in nature. He suggested the RBI may respond with a more accommodative liquidity stance to cushion financial markets from geopolitical volatility, rather than tightening policy. He also cautioned that the February inflation print may have mildly negative near-term implications for debt, equity, and foreign exchange markets.

RBI MPC Meeting: April 6–8

The next meeting of the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) of the RBI is scheduled for April 6–8, 2026. With inflation still within the target band but trending upward, and crude oil prices posing a fresh risk, the MPC's tone and any forward guidance will be closely watched by markets. The interplay between global energy prices, domestic food inflation, and the RBI's monetary stance will be a key macro theme for investors to monitor in the weeks ahead.

Disclaimer: The views and investment tips expressed in this article are for informational purposes only and do not represent financial advice. The views expressed are those of the sources cited and not necessarily those of this website or its management. Investing in equities or other financial instruments carries the risk of financial loss. Readers must exercise due caution and conduct their own research before making any investment decisions. We are not liable for any losses incurred as a result of decisions made based on this article. Please consult a qualified financial advisor before making any investment.

Read More